Thursday, October 24, 2024

Yr. D, Wk. 7: Faith in a Second Language; No More Fear

| latest |

Interested in joining us? Link to our Visitor's Center.

Worship and Gathering

For opening and closing prayers, we all had lines from collects on p. 833-834. Scott forgot to ask the gathering question until after the break: What picture did you take last week, or wish you had taken? We got a photo of a sassy dog... a photo op with one's oldest relative, not taken... too busy to take pictures, but beautiful... photo of flowers to be painted... cat is Dracula... with beloved sisters at Calloway Gardens in an orange cowboy hat with electric lights.
Yr. D, Living Into the Journey with God, Unit 1 Spiritual Autobiography and Listening: 1st yr: Lanie, Daniel; 2nd yr: Donfred, Joyce, Susan; 3rd yr, Jessica; 4th yr, Scott. Mentor: Scott. Absent: Lanie.

Discussion of the Readings

In separate breakout rooms, the boys and girls discussed their readings, asking each other what image or story struck them, and then, what else did they wonder at or about? Then we came together to discuss highlights.

Jessica started us off with an observation about language in the early church. Whether one spoke Greek or Latin was a dividing line. Those early Christians were seen by the civic authorities as uncooperative and exclusive, like some Hippie cult. Jessica wondered about a human tendency towards exclusivity. Donfred reported from Y2 that Hebrew children under the Roman Empire did not speak Hebrew – so their religion was in a foreign language. He himself spoke French in school and read French in the Bible, but in life spoke Creole. The language of faith for him has been a foreign language.

A related theme was what Joyce said about how letters by Paul and others were passed around to the early churches. Scott compared this to the way the Declaration of Independence was read aloud in army camps and town squares. Daniel was struck by that, and by how early Christians just listened. His own experience (and Susan agreed) is stronger when he listens without reading.

Daniel commented on Exodus up to chapter 15. Daniel sees the story as like a fish tale – every retelling new elements. Doesn’t matter if it’s all factual – but the truth is in the way if affected you. As Daniel said, after Collins, these stories unified a disparate group of hapiru (“wanderers” and also origin, maybe, of “Hebrew”) in the desert and in the Promised Land who joined together as a people of twelve “tribes.”

[Smoot has “crossed the Red Sea” on his bike tour, as well as visiting Jerusalem and the ancient ruins of Petra in Jordan. See photos and read how each location touches his life at The Red Sea, Pedaling through Petra, and Jerusalem on My Mind]

Joyce gave us a strong image: “Hands on.” Early Christians believed in the Hebrew scriptures and what God was doing in their lives through Jesus Christ. They felt the difference between touching a sacrificial animal to atone versus touching our hearts. New Testament at one time was called the new Covenant.

Scott on his bike tour reaches the Red Sea

Daniel by chance was again our winner. He got one of the world's most expensive leaf blowers. Have fun annoying your neighbors and disrupting butterfly reproduction cycles!

Theological Reflection

We heard Lanie's pre-recorded story, then shared our own stories of "conversion" with each other. While the content of these stories will be omitted here, we offered these images/ideas as common threads that came out in several stories:
  • not afraid (i.e., to die, to fail)
  • "wake up"
  • more than knowledge: commitment
  • generosity of spirit
  • the tides metaphor: conversion is never settled, there's always ebb and flow

For Monday:

We are skipping over the reading for week 8 and going straight to week 9.
Scott will do worship once again (his special Halloween worship, adapted for Zoom!)
Daniel will be away, so let's remember to record the TR for him.

| latest |

Wednesday, October 16, 2024

Yr. D, Wk. 6: Jews, Romans, and Jacob

| latest |

Interested in joining us? Link to our Visitor's Center.

Worship and Gathering

Daniel built the entire worship on Psalm 141 ("let not my heart incline to any evil thing") with Pope Benedict's meditation on the prayer, "Lead us not into temptation."

And what are we looking forward to in Fall's cool weather? Big comfy sweaters... pretty colors of leaves... paying less for air conditioning... sitting outside by the firepit... wearing 60s spy fashion (i.e., tight turtlenecks in dark colors).

Yr. D, Living Into the Journey with God, Unit 1 Spiritual Autobiography and Listening: 1st yr: Lanie, Daniel; 2nd yr: Donfred, Joyce, Susan; 3rd yr, Jessica; 4th yr, Scott. Mentor: Scott. Absent: Lanie, Donfred.

Discussion of the Readings

We tried something new this time: discussions were in breakout rooms, Jessica with Daniel, Susan with Joyce, 20 minutes to ask each other what stories or scenes struck them, and what they related to? Then we met as a group and shared highlights.

Jessica started us off: Gospels that aren’t in our Bible today (Mary M, Gospel of Thomas) and the Gnostics – how these books cover so many contradictions – Jessica used her term “evolution” to describe Paul. If we’d kept those other gospels, would we have the church we have today? Susan reports about those other writings that the church councils cut things that were not consistent with the overall picture of the Gospels. Daniel sees parallel to Y1 readings about all the various editors and writers of the writings. How those formed early beliefs and rites.

Daniel responded to two similar stories strongly - First, Jacob wrestling with God. Struck that it’s so not supernatural … made Daniel think about wrestling with his brother. Daniel could identify – there’s God, but there’s all these other human encounters. Second, he loved Sarah’s laughing – then denying it. Encounters with God that are also mundane, encountering God. He quotes Jessica: “It makes it easier to find parallels in our own lives.” Easier to connect to those kinds of stories than to some of the miraculous stories in New Testament.

(BTW - Scott wrote a poem about Jacob's ladder that foreshadows his inner struggle the night before he faced Esau again. If you're interested, see Angels Never Know.)

Joyce and Susan discussed philosophical ideas that filtered into the lands controlled by Romans. Gnostic tradition had some credibility that ran up against Jewish traditions. Resonated with 2nd 3rd 4th century Christians. Appealed as a sense of secret knowledge, and idea of material world as evil. Daniel compared to the Greek myths. Greeks with their philosophy had the stories, too. Joyce – differences between how rich and poor were treated in Roman world. Roman: A woman had to wait for a man to acknowledge her (think of Queen Esther). A man who didn’t pay his debts they took the man’s wife and children to pay the debts. But still there was tenderness and affection. That’s lacking today! Joyce identified: example of how she faced down a driver's road rage the other day!

Susan chose the secret square and won giant gates for her driveway, in honor of Yom Kippur, the closing of the gates to the temple and to the sins of the past year. There were only four squares, not shared on the screen. Speakers simply asked to "go with" another comment. Scott didn't know the winner until the break. This seemed to be a good way to get a lot more talking to each other, and everyone got to see each others' faces during the discussion -- more interesting than Scott's typing!

Theological Reflection

We heard Lanie's story, pre-recorded. Scott was so swept up in that story and the transition to Joyce's that he forgot to record the session until both Joyce and Daniel had finished.

Scott also forgot the question he has asked each time: what theme or image ties this week's stories together? Writing this blog post, he suggests a couple of patterns, at least. Experiences that were painful, scary, or just annoying prepared us to respond to needs of community. Being drawn into community had the effect of expanding our faith to encompass more people, more possibilities.

For Monday:

Scott does worship and a gathering question. This week we all read week 7. Heads up: the next week, we will skip the material for wk 9 and go straight to week 10. We prepare our fourth and final Spiritual Autobiography chapter, this time with religious conversion.

| latest |

Friday, October 11, 2024

Yr. D, Wk. 5: Genesis and Leaps of Faith

| latest |

Interested in joining us? Link to our Visitor's Center.

Worship and Gathering

Susan brought us worship for the evening from the Northumbrian community, full of images from nighttime: angels, dreams, sleep, and spirit. The gathering question was, what's your super power? The EfM Universe includes Speed Reader! The Soothing Soprano! Cat Lady! (but she likes dogs, too), the Connector! Multiple Man! and The Aura!
Yr. D, Living Into the Journey with God, Unit 1 Spiritual Autobiography and Listening: 1st yr: Lanie, Daniel; 2nd yr: Donfred, Joyce, Susan; 3rd yr, Jessica; 4th yr, Scott. Mentor: Scott. Absent: None.

Discussion of the Readings

Daniel was bothered by Collins’s comment that the talking serpent in Genesis 2 is a sure sign that we are in the world of a fable. Daniel read that as Collins condescending to all those who have read this story literally. Susan said that reading the Bible as an academic is different from reading it for spiritual edification.

Scott recalled a professor who was also a preacher: “Today, I’m using literary criticism to identify sources and make comparisons; but Sunday I’ll tell you how to live by it.” After the break, Scott gave an example how literary criticism can enhance our spiritual reading of Scripture. Contrasting two creation stories, very different in language, style, and content, too, we appreciate the cosmic theology of one, while the other emphasizes the human behavior and Scott's favorite detail: God makes them warm clothing from animal skins before he sends them out of Eden. (See image by Gustav Doré)

Both Susan and Scott feel it’s important to understand a difference between the popular meanings of “criticism,” “fable,” and “myth” and what scholars mean by those words. Literary criticism of passages isn’t finding flaws but only drawing distinctions between poems, historical record, and narratives intended to teach spiritual truths (as Lanie pointed out how the priests who wrote Genesis 1 emphasized that Creation is VERY GOOD and organized it in seven days to elevate the Sabbath. For scholars, “myth” isn’t a false story but one whose truth happens again and again. Here’s a link to the essay from an earlier EfM textbook that Susan and I found helpful during our own first year studies.

We had several Ah-HA moments:

  • Jessica in reading “The Crucified Messiah” thought how unlikely that we are all sitting here 2000 years talking about Jesus Christ! If that humiliating death had been the end of the story… it would be obscure today. She also was amazed to learn about politics in the Roman Empire: the split of Jewish Christians from the Jewish faith because of attacks from the Roman Empire – (“Christian” was a political designation that exempted you from taxation!)
  • Donfred noticed how Paul, popularly assumed to look down on women, actually thanks women for their leadership and material contributions to the growing church, as we see in some of his letters and in Acts.
  • Lanie realized that she hadn’t really thought much about Genesis since she learned the stories in childhood. Now she wonders where Adam and Eve’s sons found their wives, for example, and what to take from all those genealogies. She wondered whom God was speaking to when he said “Let us create them in our own image.” Overall, she found chapters 1-11 in Genesis to be a series of disappointments for God that followed the VERY good Creation.
  • Daniel, relating to what Lanie said, noted the shift of focus from God’s actions to what people are doing independent of God…. Then God floods the world and tries again.
  • Joyce wondered about a passage that questions did Jesus WANT to die, or was he FORCED to? Joyce – asked to take human form because the Law couldn’t save us. If we still have injustice – then he’s looking to us as his hands and feet to take care. P. 168
  • Susan's comment relates to Joyce's. Levine pokes holes in the oversimplified view that Judaism was legalistic before Jesus came along.

Daniel found the secret square. He won a trip to Chicago's Shedd Aquarium on the 8th (that's OCTO) of OCTO-ber to swim with an OCTO-pus. We hear they're friendly, intelligent, curious creatures. We look forward to hearing how that went.

Theological Reflection

The prompt this week was to tell of an intellectual conversion. While we won't put any chapters from our lives in this space, we did identify common themes: starting over, a leap of faith; and maybe a lesson, too, "think before you act." (In a few of the stories, great good came from NOT thinking, but deciding on impulse.)

For Monday

Daniel brings us worship and a gathering question. We're all reading what the RRG has for Week Six, and preparing the next chapter in our Spiritual Autobiographies, "Political" conversion (in the sense of "community," whether converting to one or away.)

| latest |

Saturday, October 5, 2024

Yr. D, Wk. 4: Seeing Hebrew Scriptures again for the first time

| latest |

Interested in joining us? Link to our Visitor's Center.

Worship and Gathering

Because we knew that Daniel would be a little late, Joyce started us off with a gathering question about what we like to do in our leisure time. We variously like to watch John Wayne movies, listen to music, watch sports ("Which ones?" "All of them."), and ride a bike. [Photo: Scott made a virtual bike trek to Monument Valley where the Duke filmed The Searchers. Scott has ridden about 14,000 miles since then, his virtual tour taking him now to the Holy Land, where he's cycling over the Red Sea on dry land.]

Joyce brought us a song, “I Trust in God” by Aware Worship. Except for Scott, we spoke the words. Her closing prayer was by Charles Stanley, and participants asked for the text. Here it is:

Lord, I don’t want to feel guarded, my heart closed off to Your love, Your Spirit, Your gifts. Instead, let me be open, my face turned toward Yours, my ears tuned to Your voice, my feet set in Your direction. Align my soul to better receive Your wisdom and follow where it leads– so that I may see Your beauty where it multiplies, Your grace where it flows. Amen
Yr. D, Living Into the Journey with God, Unit 1 Spiritual Autobiography and Listening: 1st yr: Lanie, Daniel; 2nd yr: Donfred, Joyce, Susan; 3rd yr, Jessica; 4th yr, Scott. Mentor: Scott. Absent: None.

Discussion of the Readings

A.I. summarized our discussion of the readings:
  1. Topics included
    • The difference between anti-Semitism and being anti-Jewish
    • The complexity of Jewish history and its relationship to Christianity
    • The difference between Jews and Hebrews
    • The structure of Levine's writing (simple beginning and end, complex middle)
    • The importance of asking difficult questions to foster understanding
  2. Some participants expressed feeling overwhelmed by the density of the text.
  3. The discussion is ongoing, with the facilitator (Scott) encouraging more participants to share their thoughts and questions.
What AI missed is some unease about the introduction to Yee's book. Lanie said she'd never thought of the Bible as male dominated, but has always accepted the Word of God. She wondered what's gained by looking at Scripture from a feminist perspective. Daniel identifies. "In trying to bring a different perspective, sometimes it feels like you’re doing what you’re criticizing." He added, "When you set out with a goal, you see only what you wanted to see." Susan said that Yee’s point is that other people were not in the room (in the presence of the story). Compare to the way we were taught History. Scott told how his 4th grade self became interested in teaching when a man joined the elementary school faculty -- comparing to a positive result when women are enabled to see more of themselves in scripture.

Jessica had some good things to say from reading the 1000 year backstory of Israel in Y3. “I wish I’d been forced to read this chapter back in Y1!!!” (Sharing that with Y1s will be your mission this year, Jessica! - Scott) She also had an Ah-HA! What we call the Apocrypha are not recognized in most Protestant churches. “I did not know that they are immensely meaningful to Judaism.” Christians should not dissociate with the word of God that Jesus knew. Jessica's comment relates to Levine's book about other things we Christians skim over.

Later in the week, Scott thought of another positive side to Yee's book: Unaware of how (and why) scriptures represent only the perspective of males, men and boys assume that they are in some way more like God. "Everyone knows God is a boy," said one seventh grade boy, irate over a poet who used the pronoun "She" for God. In the same way that women are absent from Scripture, Black men were absent from Scott's childhood, a lack that biases him even now, as he explores in poem "Behind Prejudice."

Theological Reflection

We practiced listening as each participant told a story of affective conversion.

We practiced one skill of theological reflection by looking for a memorable phrase or image to help us recall what we heard, each suggestion building on the one(s) before: transition... loss and restoration... loss and beginning to live.

After this first go-around, we also reflected on why EfM requires us to tell spiritual autobiographies every year. The stories...

  • help us understand each other so we know where comments or interpretations are coming from
  • make us stronger as a group and strengthens our self-confidence
  • help us to appreciate how various perspectives go into the writings that we will read ("stories are window and mirror")
  • build trust
  • develop mindset: when we dig deeply into our own past, we build a base to work from

For Monday:

Susan leads worship. We do the readings for week 5 and we do not neglect to read what the RRG says to our year and to all years. We are preparing a story of "intellectual conversion" from the past 10-15 years. Additional instructions are in the RRG, p. 32-33.

| latest |

Wednesday, September 25, 2024

Yr. D, Wk. 3: First Readings in Collins, Levine, MacCulloch, and Ford

| latest |

Interested in joining us? Link to our Visitor's Center.

Worship and Gathering

Donfred brought us a set of thoughtfully-chosen prayers for worship. In answer to his gathering question about our favorite seasons, the results are in: winter, 1 vote; summer, 2; spring, 2. The winner is "Sprall" (both spring and fall) 3. I guess someone voted twice. PHOTO: Joyce and friend.
Yr. D, Living Into the Journey with God, Unit 1 Spiritual Autobiography and Listening: 1st yr: Lanie, Daniel; 2nd yr: Donfred, Joyce, Susan; 3rd yr, Jessica; 4th yr, Scott. Mentor: Scott. Absent: None.

Discussion of the Readings

Before we began to discuss the readings, Scott challenged everyone to practice active listening by building every response on something in another's comment.

Jessica started us off from her reading in MacCulloch by remarking on the influence of Greek/Roman culture on Judaism, and the tension between the ideals of "oneness" v. "goodness." Susan encountered the same topic in Levine. Scott related the "goodness" idea to Ford's "good" theology: it must be wise (taking from past history) and creative (relating the past to current circumstances).

Lanie connected to the topic of Greek influence, expressing surprise at the number of ways that mythology of non-Jewish cultures made its way into the scriptures we have today. Daniel picked up on her uneasiness: Scripture was written by men limited in their knowledge and shaped by the beliefs of their times, yet we also believe that the Spirit moved in them and in the councils that put all these books together. Jessica observed that the Spirit still moves in us -- collectively, individually -- as we read scripture. The same passage means different things at different times in your life.

Daniel agreed with Jessica, and added his experience that another person reading the same passage can have a wildly different way to see it.

Joyce really brought the conversation around to a different level when she enthused about Levine. The author is so down-to-earth and relatable and FUNNY! The book is like a conversation, she said. Scott picked up on the idea of "conversation" in Scripture: conversations between us and scripture, us and each other, and between different authors of the Bible's various histories, stories, poems, letters, laws, and prophetic writings.

Theological Reflection

After reviewing the norms list on our class blog (use the back arrow on this page to see it), Scott posed a question from "Respond" in the RRG: What part of the norms list calls for special attention?

  • Journey, the group: digression on their music, their hair, and unfavorable comparisons to awesome Springsteen and Jagger
  • Susan: More than one way to the same point
  • Flexibility
  • Jessica: "I thought EfM was going to give me all the answers. But it raised more questions that had never been on my radar!"
We took a turn from Jessica's comment. Daniel called it ironic that the more you learn, the more you need to learn. Donfred related back to the journey, telling us that every place he has lived, from the Caribbean to NYC to Virginia to Georgia, has been an incredible learning experience.

We could have based our list of norms on discussion of our experiences in other seminars and committees. What was the effect of deriving the norms from a metaphor and its images?

The answers came in terms of the journey. The metaphor of the journey helps Donfred to accept the ups and downs of the journey ahead. Susan said that reasonable rules keep us on good terms with our traveling companions. When Daniel takes a group to Mexico every year, he explains that there are reasons behind each rule.

Thinking to next week, we took a couple minutes in breakout rooms to think aloud about what story we might tell. We're bringing the first installment of our Spiritual Autobiographies, all about conversions from the last 15 years of our lives. For week four, we're looking at "affective" conversions.

Daniel invited everyone to Evening Prayer at St. James at 6:30-7pm every Wednesday for October, at least. Jessica and Joyce offer morning prayer on Zoom, camera off, at 7am Tuesdays and Thursdays.

For Monday:

Joyce will lead worship and bring a gathering question. We're reading the pieces assigned for week four in the RRG. We're going to bring our "affective" conversion story, 2-5 minutes long.

| latest |

Sunday, September 22, 2024

Yr. D, Wk. 2: Class norms for 2024-2025

| latest |

Interested in joining us? Link to our Visitor's Center.

In breakout rooms at our first meeting, we found images suggested by the year's theme of "the journey." This week, with different partners, we compiled rules and tips suggested by those images.

Yr. D, Living Into the Journey with God, Unit 1 Spiritual Autobiography and Listening: 1st yr: Lanie, Daniel; 2nd yr: Donfred, Joyce, Susan; 3rd yr, Jessica; 4th yr, Scott. Mentor: Scott. Absent: None.
I. Packing and Preparations
  • Read the material, do the work so that you'll have at least some sense of what's ahead.
  • Arrive on time; prepared for that day's leg of the journey.
  • Take reflection music prayer dedication focus.
  • As deeply as we care about it, let's leave politics at the door.
  • We only spend two hours a week -- don't be looking at your cell phone.
  • Use the bathroom first. (NOTE TO SELF: Immodium, bring)

II. Discernment ("Finding our Way")
  • We are working to be better equipped to see and feel God with us... like sunglasses to see through the glare...
  • Compass - What is that in a metaphor? A way of orienting, a sense of direction... figuring out where you want to go -- you need the destination...
  • Be reassured that many paths come to the same point...
  • Trust your instincts ... go with inspiration, speak up to suggest we take a road less traveled.
III. Relationships ("We're in this Boat Together")
  • Take friends with you... What is our destination? Enjoy, love, a broader sense of our faith, a journey WITH God...
  • "What you get from a journey with other people isn't the big stuff but the little stuff: give it a chance!"
  • You've got to develop flexibility.
  • Learn from each other, things we don't see right away.
  • While your mentor is responsible for moving the journey along, where you go and what you see is up to you.
  • Appreciate that others feel as strongly and deeply and informed as you are: respect... honor differences. You have to compromise and see from others
  • Speak with confidence: that what we say will be respected even if others disagree, and that it will remain confidential.

IV. Don't stop believing!

Jessica led worship, a short and uplifting service from the BCP. Her gathering question about the Olympics yielded mostly stuff about gymnastics; a high percentage of our class didn't watch the Olympics and didn't like sports.

Our discussion of the reading from the RRG yielded these insights: Scotosis ("darkness") means that we're not going to like everything we read in the Bible or in our church history... We want to deny the darkness in our lives, or the injustice we've participated in. We have to change hearts... Anamnesis (how we learn by looking back) is one thing, but, the future? "We see [the future] through a glass darkly," and Revelation can be scary, "but it has become a comfort to me"... Ditto: like a new heaven, a new earth, "I'm becoming more than I was."

Scott highlighted some tips in the RRG, pp.34-36 about how to read religious texts. These are conversation starters, not instructions for life. And "critical" reading isn't about disparaging or disproving, but about understanding the message in its context.

We took the last 30 minutes to work off line, drawing our lives in the form of maps, looking especially for points of conversion. We will focus for the next few weeks on just the last 10-15 years of our life journey.

For Monday: Donfred is bringing worship. If I'm remembering that incorrectly, please email me right away! We are doing the readings assigned for our individual years, listed in the RRG, beginning on p. 36. You'll get more out of the reading when you do what the RRG suggests for your year in parts labeled "Read" and "Focus." There's a "Respond" part for all years, too.

| latest |

Saturday, September 14, 2024

Yr. D, Wk. 1: Orientation and Organization

| latest |

Interested in joining us? Link to our Visitor's Center.

Worship and Gathering

Scott selected lines from the first and second Songs of Isaiah from BCP p. 86 to be an opening acclamation, confession, absolution, praise, and a lesson. At the end of the evening, he read the prayer at the end of chapter one.

For a gathering, we told about photos that we'd selected to tell about the summer months. Newborn niece Norah; a camping trip with prayers and bears; a musical hydrangea; the strong hand of Jesus; homage to Monet; what Brandy noses, Scott disposes.

Yr. D, Living Into the Journey with God, Unit 1 Spiritual Autobiography and Listening: 1st yr: Lanie, Daniel; 2nd yr: Donfred, Joyce, Susan; 3rd yr, Jessica; 4th yr, Scott. Mentor: Scott. Absent: None.

Discussion of the Readings

We cited portions of the chapter that struck us as interesting, puzzling, or important for the life of the group. Jessica highlighted the reminders of what Efm is and is not. Daniel was intrigued by the passage about how a group will develop its own personality and dynamic. Joyce advised everyone to participate, as each participant contributes something special in their own way.

In breakout rooms, participants looked for striking images to go with the theme of "journey" for this year. We will use those pictures at the next meeting.

Theological Reflection

We got a little practice for the upcoming spiritual autobiographies when we took the suggestion on p. 14 to tell about a time in our lives that came to mind when we considered "tides" as a metaphor to describe a conversion. We also practiced "mutual invitation." The way we found meaning through metaphor will be part of the process of theological reflection when we get to that in a few weeks.

For Next Week

Jessica will lead worship and bring a gathering question for us.

1. We all read the chapter for week 2 in our online RRG. The listening part is especially good. When you get to the "Spiritual Autobiographies" part, you can skim over to "alternative format" on p. 32.

2. Do try to "map" conversions in your life, as suggested on p. 31. See Scott's example below:

You won't be sharing your map or your whole life story. We tell only about selected events of the last 10-15 years.

3. Book orders. We will have reading assignments in our textbooks for the 23rd. Link here to see the book titles. We are responsible for ordering books for ourselves from Amazon or another source. We won't use all of them at once, so don't feel like you have to order more than one book this month. First year is using Collins, Second year is reading Levine, Third Year is using MacCulloch, and 4th year will be reading Ford.

| latest |